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The five scientific objectives of the 1999 Spring
Black Hills IOP are:
- To examine the spatial and temporal variability of
advective water fluxes on GCIP ISA and SSA scales, and assess the uncertainties in
estimates of those fluxes based on either routine or special enhanced observations.
- To compare model-simulated water fluxes, both
advective and at the surface, with fluxes estimated from both routine and special enhanced
observations.
- To attempt to derive ISA-scale water budgets for
periods from a day to a few months.
- To intercompare observations relevant to the flux
measurements from different sensors.
- To provide data-rich episodes for use in deriving
parameters for or validating a coupled atmosphere/surface/subsurface mesoscale model.
These IOP objectives will be pursued through a
three-phase program involving ground-based measurements of atmospheric water vapor flux,
an instrumented aircraft, and surface and subsurface water measurements.
- Atmospheric Water Vapor Flux from Ground-based
Instrumentation
MICROWAVE
RADIOMETER |
RADAR WIND
PROFILER |
TETHERED
BALLOON |
NWS RAOB
AND NEXRAD |
| Radiometrics WVP-1500 |
Radian LAP-3000 with RASS
(Lower Atmosphere Profiler with Radio Acoustic Sounding System) |
System constructed in
cooperation with South Dakota Space Grant Consortium |
Rapid City NWS raob site
and NEXRAD 20 miles east of Rapid City |
| Continuous profiles of
water vapor from surface up to 10 km |
Continuous profiles of
wind speed and direction (120 m to 2-5 km) and temperature (120 m to 1-2 km) |
Continuous readings of
humidity, temperature and pressure at several altitudes along tether |
Twice or more daily
altitude profiles of humidity, temperature, pressure and wind speed and direction from
raob |
| Maps pressure-broadened
22.2 GHz water vapor line from 22 to 29 GHz |
915 MHz, 5-beam
instrument |
Mobile to different sites |
WSR-88D radar data |
| Mobile to different sites |
Stationary site |
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Stationary sites |
- Airborne Measurements from UND Instrumented Cessna Citation
II
The instrumentation package for the University of
North Dakota (UND) aircraft includes temperature, dew
point temperature, pressure, wind and cloud microphysical characteristics along with
aircraft position, attitude and performance parameters. During the IOP, the Citation's
multi-altitude grid-box flight patterns will pass over the ground-based instrumentation,
and along the sides of the Black Hills ISA. These flights will supply data on spatial and
temporal variability in the atmospheric water vapor and wind fields over the expanse of
the Black Hills.
The BHHS is an activity headed by
the Water Resources Division of the US Geological Survey (USGS)
which accumulates data from 60 precipitation gaging stations, 70 streamflow gaging
stations and 60 observation wells. Data from the BHHS is incorporated into the UMRB
modeling efforts.
Go to UMRB Tasks : Modeling
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